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Fuhanken sanchisei
The was an administrative reorganization undertaken by the Meiji Government in 1868, during the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the Boshin War. Over a period of four years, the old Provinces of Japan were recategorised into three different jurisdictions: , and . This, along with further reforms during the abolition of the ''han'' System in 1871, led to the shaping of 45 of the 47 modern-day Prefectures of Japan.
Of the current prefectures existing in Japan, several of these were established in approximately their current forms during this era: Nagasaki Prefecture, Osaka Prefecture, Nara Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture (as Ōtsu-ken) and mainland Niigata Prefecture (without the addition of Sado Island in 1876).
== Background ==
At the end of the Asuka period, the and the Taihō Code were enacted in 701 and 702. These pieces of legislation split the regions of Japan into different areas, using terminology of the Tang Dynasty due to Confucian influences in Japan.〔Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Taihō Code" in .〕 This led to the creation of , which were split into . Other than the area surrounding the capital Nara (Kinai), Japan was organised into large regions called .
During the Tokugawa shogunate, lands were controlled by individual clans led by a Daimyo, called a ''han''. Each ''han'' was a separate state with its own laws. In 1866, the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain formed the Satchō Alliance in order to overthrow the Tokugawa Shogunate and strengthen the powers of the Emperor. This was successful, leading to the start of the Boshin War and the Meiji Restoration. The Tokugawa capital of Edo fell in May 1868, leading to the Meiji government taking charge of the country.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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